Fluid motor or pump.



A. suNDH.

FLUm MOTOR ORIPUM'P. APPLICATION FiLED MAR. 2l, 1914.

Patented June 5, 1916.

UNITED s TATEs 4PATENT o FFICE,

AUGUST sUNDH,.orlHAsTINGs-UroN-HUDSON, NEW YORK, .as'sreuvon-'roy oTIs ELEvnroR coMPANY, A oonPoRArIoN or NEW JERSEY.

rLUIn-Moron on rum.

To all whom/it may concern.' i I ings-upon-Hudson, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have inventaspecification. .A

My invention 'relates to fluid motors or pumps and is particularly directed to a mo-` .tor or pump in which there are a plurality 4of oscillating cylinders arranged in a ver-vv tical plane and` radially disposed -abouta Acommon crank shaft.

The principal object oftheinvention is the provision of simple, practical and efficient means for balancing the weight of moving parts and for balancing the action of fluid pressure thereon.

Other objectsof the invention will appear hereinafter, the novel combinations -of elements being pointed out in the annexed claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a. view'in sectional elevation of a motor or pump-containing an embodiment of the invention ;Q Fig. 2 is a side sectional viewof the same; Fig. 3- represents one of the oscillating cylinders as viewed from the open end of` the' cylinder bore. l

Like reference numerals designate similar parts in ati of the figures.

The pump or motor herein shown is substantially like that disclosed inl my co-pending application, Ser'. No. 764,994, led May 2, 1913, for power transmission devices, therefore a detail description of the same will not be necessary.

Referring to thev drawing, I 'show' a plu.-

rality of'oscillating cylinders such as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, which are substantially similar to each other and each comprises a' circular disk which is bored through the centerat right angles to the axis of the disk, so as to form a cylinder bore. Within each cylinderbore is a plunger or trunk piston, such as 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, and these pistons are operatively connected to a single throw balanced crank shaftll. Each cylinder, such as the cylinder 1, is snugly surrounded throughout the greater part of its periphery by a bushing 12 which is lixed against movement in a circular bore formed in the pump specmauonomfrsPatent.' 'Patented-June o, 1916. v'zippncat-mn nieauarc'h 2i,191`4. sanmzaiss.

i or motor'casting 13. Atdiametrically op- Be it known that I, AUGUST SUND'H, a citizen o f the United States, residingat Hast-.

posite points in' the peripheryof each cylinder'are arranged ports 14` and 15 which lead vinto -the cylinder and are adapted alter- 1 'nately to register with stationary ports 16 and 17 in the bushing 12, which are in com- 'municationwith" corresponding .pressure and discharge chambers 19 andv 20, respectively, formed in the head 21. bolted to the pump or motor casting 1 and a fluid tight joint between the two is secured by means ofitheconcentric packings 22, 22,

in the casting 13.v `The several pistons 6, 7, 8, 9 and.10 are preferably cored out so as to `reduce their weight -to a minimum and -almost to the end of the cylinder bore at thev inner end yof its stroke 'without restricting the entrance or exit of fluid to and from'the cylinder by way of theports 14 and 15.

VThe operationof the device as a fluid mo.-

tor may be described as follows: Assuming thatl the chamber 19 is piped toa suitablev source of fluid pressure, fluid will enter the cylinders 2 and 3 and drive the crank shaft This head is I which are retalned 1n corresponding grooves -in an anti-clockwise direction, the cylinder 1 being on dead center, While the cylinders 4 and 5 are open to the exhaust chamber 20;

As the crank shaft rotates the angular posi- 'tion of the pistons is varied, Vcausing the cylinders to oscillate and thereby automatically control the entrance and exit of'lluid between eachcylinder and the pressure and 4exhaust chambers 19A and 20, respectively,

and the crank shaft rotates continuously.

In af. device of the character just described, i

it will be obseryed that at times the cylinders are subjected to an unbalanced fluid pressure tending to force the cylinders against their respective bushings. Then again, the unbalanced weight of the cylinders themselves is sustained by the bushings. In both casesmore pressure is brought to bear on one portion of the bushings than on another portion, and the obvious result is that the cylinders or bushings, or both, wear unevenly, and, after the device has been in operation for some time, its elliciency becomes considerably less, due to leaks which .have developed! Furthermore,

this unbalanced condition of parts tends to set up excessive friction which tends further to reduce the efficiency of the device.

In order to overcome the above lnoted -disadvantageous features and to obtain a substantial balance of the cylinders, I resort to the following expedient: Consider'- ing first the upper cylinder 1, it will be seen that the full diameter of the cylinder bore does not extend completely through the cylinder, but only to within a short distance of the upper end so as to leave a pair of projections 24, 24, integral with'thecylinder.

Upon admitting fluid pressure to this cylinder the pressure will act against the lowerA part of the projections 24, 24, tending bodily v to movethe cylinder upwardly in accordance with the amount of pressure and the e'ective area of the projections which are exposed to this pressure. Thus, by properly proportioning the effective area ofthese projections, the weight of'the cylinder may be accurately balance'dso that the latter will float lin the bushing 12 surrounding it and all wear and friction between the cylinder and bushing' eliminated.

'The cylinders 2 and 5 are provided with projections 25 and 26, respectively, which are similar in every lrespect to the projections 24 of the cylinder 1, excepting that they have a less effective area for the pressure to act upon. Whereas the action of fluid pressure upon the projections 25 and 26 of cylinders 2 and -5, respectively, does not act in a vertical direction, it does act in a direction tending to compensate for the weight of these cylinders. The bore of they l isformed eccentric to the cylinder bore in `which the piston operates as shown in Fig.

3. As Huid under pressure is admitted to the cylinder 4, the pressure in the counterbore 28 exerts an upward pressure on the.

cylinder 4, tending to raise the same. The cylinder 3 is counterbored atl 27 similar to the cylinder 4, vonly in the case of the cylinder 3 the counterbore is displaced to the left of the cylinder bore, whereas in the cylinder 4 the counterbore is located to the right ofthe cylinder bore, the effect ,of fluid pressure on the cylinder 3 being vsubstantially to balance the weight or the greater portion of the weight of this cylinder as in the case of the cylinder 4.

-In case fluid under pressure should leak between one of the lateral faces of a cylinder and the adjacent lateral face of the cast'- 13,`the tendency of the fluid would be 'and hence neutralize each other.

inder, so as to leave sufficient bearing surface for the cylinder. The counterbores or recesses 29 of each cylinder are placed in communication with eachl other by means of ports or ducts 30 in the. cylinder, so that any leakage pressure on the opposite lateral surfaces of each of the cylinders is equally distributed over both surfaces and thus any vtendency for, producing an axial pressure on the cylinders is eliminated. The left hand recess 29 of the cylinders, as shown in Fig. 2, is in communication with the crank chamber, so that all lateral pressure on the cylinders is reduced to Zero.

In order to balance or compensate for the pressure of fluid directed againstv the periphery of the cylinders by the ports in the cylinder bushings, I provide lin each bushing, such as the bushing 12 of cylinder 1, a pair of recesses 31 and 32, which are arranged diametrically opposite the fixed ports 17 and 16, respectively, and these recessesl are at times'placed in fluid communication with their respective ports 17 and 16 by means of corresponding ducts or ports 33 and 34, which extend diametrically through the cylinder at opposite sides of the cylinder bore as shown in Fig. 42. The result of this construction may be seen from the following description. Take4 for example the cylinder 1: In this cylinder, the pressure port 16 is shown closed, (see Fig. 1),l and consequently full pressure of fluid is exerted at this port upon the periphery vof the cylinder, and the latter tends bodily to more in a right hand direction. It will be observed, however, that the'duct 34 is in communication with the pressure port 16 admitted through this duct to the recess 32 which is directly opposite the port 16. The pressure in the recess 32 will act against periphery of the cylinder and tend to move the same in a left hand direction, and, by giving the recess 32 the proper dimensions, the pressures exerted against the cylinder by the fluid in the port 16 and recess 32 may be made exactly equal and opposite, If the cylinder l be oscillated in a counter-clockwise direction vto the extent of itsA movement the duct 34 still remains in communication with the port 16 and recess 32 and 4at this time and consequently pressure is l the fluid is balanced. If the cylinder 1 be 4 oscillated clockwise or in the opposite direction, the duct`34 passes out of register with the port 16 and the pressure is cut off from therecess 32. At this time, however, the

fluid pressure is not directed from the port I 16 to the periphery of the cylinder. The recess 31 of this cylinder is controlled by the duct 33 in precisely the same manner as the duct 34 controls the entrancev of fluid pressure to the recess 32, so that any pressure upon the periphery of the cylinder l due to a fluid pressure at the port 17 in the bushing is exactly balanced bv an equal and opposite pressure in the recess 31.

The arrangement of recesses and ducts in the remaining cylinders 2, 3, 4 and 5, issimilar to that just described in connection with the cylinder 1. In these remaining cylin.

ders, however, the area of the recess in each bushing lying below a horizontal line drawn through thecenter of the corresponding cylinder is made somewhat greater than that necessary exactly to balance the port pres-v sure. By reason of this arrangement, the port pressure opposite these enlarged recesses is overbalanced, or in other-Words thefluid pressure is utilized partially to support or counteract the weight'of the cylinders themselves. For example, consider the cylinder 5v of Fig. 1: The lower recess 35 i's purposely made of greater area than that of the port 36, so that the upward pressure exerted on the cylinder at the recess 35 is enough greater than the opposing pressure of fluid acting downwardly on the 'cylinder at the port 36 to balance a portion. of the weight of the cylinder-as well 'as tobalance the downward pressure at the port 36. Whereas it would be' possible to proportion the area of the recess 35 so as to balance the entire weight of the cylinder, I prefer to ,leave a portion of this weight unbalancedas far as' the pressure in the recess 35 is concerned and to permit this unbalanced weight to be taken care of by the action ofk fluid upon the projections '26 formed at the inner end of the cylinder bore. The total lifting force'upon the cylinder will be the resultant of the forces acting at the recess 35 and projections 26.

By reason' -of my invention, it becomes possible to effect a substantially balanced accordance with the pos1t1on of the cylindersl condition ofparts ina fluid motor or "pump which permits the same to operatewith a high degree of efliciency .and at high'speeds without vibration and with negligible fric` tion losses.- While I have disclosed my invention in connection with a fluid motor or pump having five single acting oscillating cylinders radially' disposed about a common crank shaft, it is obvious that the invention is equally well adapted to other' types of pumps or motors or otherdevices wherein it is desirable to effect a balance of the parts by means of fluid pressure. For this reason,

I desire not to be limited to the precise ar-4 rangement-.and Construction of parts herein disclosed.

What I claim is 1.- In a fluid motor or pump, the combination .of a plurality of radially dispo-sed oscillating cylinders, pistons in the cylinders, and means for. balancing the weight of said cylinders.

2. In a fluid motor or pump, the combination of a plurality of radially disposed oscillating cylinders, pistons in the cylinders, and means for balancing the actionof fluid pressure and of ravity on said cylinders.

3. In a fluid motor or pump, the combination of a plurality of radially disposed oscillating cylinders, pistons in the cylinders, and fluid pressure means for balancing the action f fluid pressure and gravity onv said cyliners. a

4. In a fluid motor or pump, the combination of a' crank-shaft, a plurality of oscillating disksl radially disposed about said shaft, cylinders formed in said disks, pistons .fluid to the periphery of said oscillating disks-to compensate for: the action of fluid pressure and gravity on said disks.'A 5. In a fluid mo-tor or pump, the combination of a plurality of` oscillating cylinders arranged in a vertical plane and radially disposed about a common crank shaft, and means for directing a .-pressurein the proper direction against said cylinders .to balance the same againstmaterial Weights and against fluid pressure. 1-

6. In a lluidmotor or pump, the combination lof a plurality. of oscillating cylinders .arranged in a vertical plane and radially disposed about a commonv crank shaft', and fluid means for directing a pressure in the proper direction against said cylinders to balance the same against material .weights and against fluid pressure.

7. In a fluid motor or pump, the combina- 'tion of a pluralityof .oscillating cylinders arranged in a verticalv plane and radially disposed about'a common crank sha-ft, and means for balancing said cylinders against fluid pressure and theaction of gravity iny in relation to a common center.-

8. In a fluid motor, or pump, the. combination of a plurality of cylinders comprising oscillatingdisks radially disposed about a common crank shaft, pistons in' the cylinders connected `to the crank shaft, ports for directinff fluid to the pistons, and additional ports Iordirecti'ng fluidpressure against the cylinders to balance the same against pres- 'sure .and the' action of gravity. l

9. In a fluid -motor or pump, the combination of a casting, a plurality of cylinders therein, said cylinderscomprisin-g Vrockingffor oscillating disks radially disposed 'about a common crank shaft, a cover for one end of the casting, annular Huid chambers in said In testirnony whereof, I have signed my cover, means for directing Huid between said name to this specification in the presence of cylinders and chambers, and annular grooves two subscribing witnesses.

in said casting adapted to receive packing L AUGUST SUNDH. and thereby form a fluid tight joint between Witnesses:

the casting and cover and between theannu- WALTER C. STPLANG, lar chambers. JAMES G. BETHELL. 

